Linde plc (LIN)

New York Stock Exchange
USD
IE00BZ12WP82
17 June 1992  –  27 March 2024

Performance

Annualized Return
15.61%
Sharpe Ratio
0.66
Maximum Drawdown
-51.76%

Metrics

Metric Linde plc
Initial Balance $10,000
Final Balance $1,006,161
Returns   [View more details]
Month-To-Date 4.19%
Year-To-Date 13.85%
3M 13.85%
6M 24.56%
Annual Return (3Y) 20.03%
Annual Return (5Y) 23.72%
Annual Return (All) 15.61%
Risk   [View more details]
Annual Volatility 28.11%
Max Drawdown -51.76%
Sharpe Ratio 0.66
Sortino Ratio 0.97
Adjusted Sortino (S/√2) 0.69

  • Initial balance: The amount of starting capital used to invest in the asset or portfolio. In this case, we're starting with a $10,000 investment on June 1992.
  • Final balance: The amount of capital we've accrued over time as of March 2024.
  • Annual return: Also known as annualized return, or CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate), measures how much an investment has increased on average each year, during a specific time period. The time period in this case is approximately 32 year(s). Even a small difference in return can have a big impact on the final balance over a long period of time.
  • Annual volatility: Basically indicates how much, in percentage points, the investment can deviate from its annual return, under most circumstances. An investment with an annual return of 5% and an annual volatility of 10% would indicate returns from approximately -5% to 15% most of the time. A lower volatility is usually preferred to ensure more steady returns over time.
  • Best year: The best performance attained over its lifetime in a given year.
  • Worst year: The worst performance undergone over its lifetime in a given year.
  • Max drawdown: The largest percentage drop from a peak to a trough of an asset or portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period.
  • Sharpe Ratio: The Sharpe ratio measures the performance of an investment compared to a risk-free asset, after adjusting for its risk. A Sharpe Ratio above 1 is considered good.
  • Sortino Ratio: The Sortino Ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that only penalizes the investment for negative volatility/outcomes, and not for positive volatility. A Sortino Ratio above 1 is considered good.
  • Adjusted Sortino Ratio: Sortino Ratio/√2. To allow for comparing the Sortino ratio to the Sharpe ratio, we multiply the risk measure of the Sortino ratio by the square root of 2 (which is the same as dividing the Sortino ratio by the square root of 2).
  • Ulcer Index: The Ulcer Index (UI) is a technical indicator that measures downside risk in terms of both the depth and duration of price declines.
  • Gain to Pain Ratio: The sum of all returns divided by the absolute value of the sum of all negative returns. In essence, the GPR shows the ratio of net returns to the losses incurred in getting those returns.

Annualized Returns

Annual Return 1y Annual Return 3y Annual Return 5y Annual Return 10y Annual Return 20y Annual Return
Linde plc 36.07% 20.03% 23.72% 15.9% 15.68% 15.61%

Annual Returns

Year Linde plc
1992 6.32%
1993 0.8%
1994 25.01%
1995 66.09%
1996 38.45%
1997 -1.57%
1998 -20.71%
1999 44.59%
2000 -10.37%
2001 26.26%
2002 5.98%
2003 34.21%
2004 17.34%
2005 21.75%
2006 14%
2007 52.05%
2008 -31.75%
2009 38.39%
2010 21.47%
2011 14.24%
2012 4.54%
2013 21.26%
2014 1.64%
2015 -18.97%
2016 17.51%
2017 35.14%
2018 3.01%
2019 39.04%
2020 25.88%
2021 33.39%
2022 -4.39%
2023 27.66%
2024 13.85%

Linde plc had 27 positive years and 6 negative years. That's a positive ratio of 82%.

Monthly Returns

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YTD
1992 - - - - - 1.6% -6.2% 6.6% -0.4% -1.6% 4.8% 1.9% 6.3%
1993 -0.8% 3% 3.3% -11.4% 0% -0.4% 0.8% -1.6% 1.2% 4% -0% 3.5% 0.8%
1994 13.5% -0.7% -7% 10.1% 6.5% -4% 15.4% 1.1% 7.5% -5.1% -12.4% 1.6% 25%
1995 -1.8% 12.4% 3.1% 2.2% 4.7% 0.3% 12.6% -7.1% 3.2% 0.9% 7.9% 15.8% 66.1%
1996 1.1% 1.5% 15.9% -3.1% 5.2% 4.3% -9.2% 7.2% 4.8% 2.9% 9.9% -5% 38.5%
1997 0.5% 5.1% -7.7% 15% 1.9% 6.6% -1.6% -3.1% -4% -14.9% 0.9% 2.7% -1.6%
1998 -7.9% 15.4% 7.9% -2.2% -2% -4.8% 5.2% -27.2% -8.6% 23.1% -5.1% -7.4% -20.7%
1999 -8.3% 8.1% 3.7% 43.5% -4.6% -0.6% -5.8% 1.9% -1.8% 1.6% -4.6% 13.1% 44.6%
2000 -19% -17.2% 23.9% 6.8% -5.5% -10.5% 5.7% 11.9% -15.3% -0.3% -3.5% 24% -10.4%
2001 -0.1% 0.6% 0.5% 6% 6.3% -6.2% -3.5% 3.8% -10.5% 12.3% 12.2% 4.7% 26.3%
2002 5.1% -0.3% 3.6% -4.5% -1.9% 2.1% -8.2% 7.1% -8.5% 6.6% 8.3% -1.8% 6%
2003 -5.6% -3.1% 7.1% 3.1% 3.3% 0.5% 7.6% -1.3% -2.6% 12.3% 3.2% 6.8% 34.2%
2004 -7.3% 2.6% 2.6% -1.5% 1.2% 8.3% -1.2% 2.9% 5.7% -1.3% 6.4% -1.4% 17.3%
2005 -2.3% 3.9% 7.2% -2.2% 0.1% -0.2% 6% -2.2% -0.4% 3.1% 5.2% 2.2% 21.8%
2006 -0.5% 2.5% 2.6% 1.8% -6.1% 2.9% 1.6% 4.7% 3.5% 1.8% 3.6% -4.5% 14%
2007 6.3% -2.2% 2.6% 2.5% 5.5% 6.2% 6.4% -1.3% 11.2% 2.1% -0.1% 4.3% 52.1%
2008 -9% -0.5% 5.4% 8.4% 4.1% -0.5% -0.5% -4.2% -19.8% -9.2% -9.4% 1.2% -31.8%
2009 4.9% -8.9% 19.4% 10.9% -1.9% -2.4% 10% -2% 7.2% -2.8% 3.3% -1.6% 38.4%
2010 -6.2% -0.2% 11.1% 0.9% -7.4% -1.5% 14.3% -0.9% 5.5% 1.2% 0.8% 4.2% 21.5%
2011 -2.6% 6.8% 2.8% 4.7% -0.5% 2.9% -4.4% -5% -4.6% 8.8% 0.3% 5.3% 14.2%
2012 -0.7% 2.6% 5.7% 0.9% -8.2% 2.9% -4.6% 1.7% -1% 2.2% 0.9% 2.6% 4.5%
2013 0.8% 2.4% -0.8% 2.5% 0% 1.3% 4.4% -2.3% 2.9% 3.7% 1.2% 3.5% 21.3%
2014 -4.1% 4.5% 1% -0.3% 1.3% 0.9% -3.5% 2.7% -1.5% -2.3% 1.9% 1.4% 1.6%
2015 -6.9% 6.1% -5.1% 1% 0.8% -2.1% -4.5% -7.4% -3% 9.1% 1.5% -8.6% -19%
2016 -2.3% 1.8% 13.3% 2.6% -6.5% 3% 3.7% 4.7% -0.4% -3.1% 2.8% -2% 17.5%
2017 1.1% 0.2% 0.6% 5.4% 5.9% 0.8% -1.8% 1.1% 6.9% 4.6% 5.3% 1% 35.1%
2018 4.4% -7.3% -3.1% 5.7% 2.5% 1.7% 5.9% -5.1% 1.6% 3% -3.9% -1.4% 3%
2019 4.5% 6.3% 2.1% 2.5% 0.6% 11.2% -4.7% -0.8% 2.6% 2.4% 4% 3.7% 39%
2020 -4.6% -6% -9% 6.4% 10% 5.3% 15.6% 1.9% -4.3% -7.5% 16.4% 3.2% 25.9%
2021 -6.9% -0.5% 15.2% 2% 5.2% -3.5% 6.3% 2.3% -6.4% 8.8% -0.3% 9.3% 33.4%
2022 -8% -8% 9.4% -2.3% 4.1% -11.1% 5% -6.3% -4.3% 10.3% 13.2% -2.7% -4.4%
2023 1.5% 5.3% 2.4% 3.9% -4.3% 8.1% 2.5% -0.9% -3.5% 2.6% 8.3% -0.4% 27.7%
2024 -1.4% 10.9% 4.2% - - - - - - - - - 13.9%
Pos 34.4% 62.5% 81.3% 74.2% 63.3% 59.4% 56.3% 46.9% 40.6% 68.8% 74.2% 65.6% 81.8%
Avg -2% 1.5% 4.5% 3.9% 0.7% 0.7% 2.2% -0.5% -1.2% 2.5% 2.7% 2.5% 17%

Other Return Metrics

Metric Linde plc
Cumulative Return 9961.61%
Enh Ann Return 17.02%
Best Year 66.09%
Worst Year -31.75%
Best Month 43.5%
Worst Month -27.16%
Best Day 14.86%
Worst Day -13.99%
Win Ratio (Yearly) 81.82%
Win Ratio (Quarterly) 68.75%
Win Ratio (Monthly) 60.47%
Win Ratio (Daily) 51.86%

Annual Volatility

Annual Volatility 1y Annual Volatility 3y Annual Volatility 5y Annual Volatility 10y Annual Volatility 20y Annual Volatility
Linde plc 16.15% 22.51% 26.33% 22.8% 25.08% 28.11%

Sharpe Ratio

Sharpe Ratio 1y Sharpe Ratio 3y Sharpe Ratio 5y Sharpe Ratio 10y Sharpe Ratio 20y Sharpe Ratio
Linde plc 1.99 0.92 0.94 0.76 0.71 0.66

3-Year Rolling Sharpe Ratio

The rolling Sharpe Ratio gives a clue about the continued consistency or stability of the risk-adjusted returns.

Drawdown Periods

Simply said, a drawdown is the "pain" period experienced by an investor between a peak (new highs) and subsequent valley (a low point before moving higher). In the table below are the fifth largest drawdowns encountered for the portfolio/asset in question.

Linde plc

start valley end days Drawdown
2008-06-24 2008-11-20 2010-12-03 892 -51.76%
1997-07-22 1998-09-23 1999-05-11 658 -44.99%
1999-05-12 2000-03-09 2002-01-28 992 -44.52%
2020-02-19 2020-03-23 2020-07-06 138 -32.59%
2014-06-09 2016-01-25 2017-05-04 1060 -26.08%

The Linde plc took approximately 25 months on average to recover from a major drawdown. The longest drawdown lasted 35 months.

Underwater plot

The underwater plot shows you the drawdown periods on a chart. Whereas the performance chart usually gives you a positive viewpoint, the underwater plot gives you a pessimistic viewpoint. It helps you to visualize downtrends that occurred and how long it took for the portfolio's value to rebound to hit a new high after suffering a loss.

Other Risk Metrics

Metric Linde plc
Sharpe Ratio 0.66
Sortino Ratio 0.97
Adjusted Sortino (S/√2) 0.69
Calmar Ratio 0.3
Omega Ratio 1.13
Gain to Pain Ratio 0.13
Winckel Ratio 63.64
Ulcer Index 0.13
Kelly Criterion 5.78%
Skew 0.21
Kurtosis 5.77
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