Royal Bank of Canada (RY)

New York Stock Exchange
USD
CA7800871021
16 October 1995  –  12 December 2024

Performance

Annualized Return
15.35%
Sharpe Ratio
0.71
Maximum Drawdown
-63.05%

Metrics

Metric Royal Bank of Canada
Initial Balance $10,000
Final Balance $644,508
Returns   [View more details]
Month-To-Date -0.79%
Year-To-Date 26.76%
3M 2.81%
6M 20.42%
Annual Return (3Y) 10.72%
Annual Return (5Y) 13.68%
Annual Return (All) 15.35%
Risk   [View more details]
Annual Volatility 24.34%
Max Drawdown -63.05%
Sharpe Ratio 0.71
Sortino Ratio 1.04
Adjusted Sortino (S/√2) 0.74

  • Initial balance: The amount of starting capital used to invest in the asset or portfolio. In this case, we're starting with a $10,000 investment on October 1995.
  • Final balance: The amount of capital we've accrued over time as of December 2024.
  • Annual return: Also known as annualized return, or CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate), measures how much an investment has increased on average each year, during a specific time period. The time period in this case is approximately 29 year(s). Even a small difference in return can have a big impact on the final balance over a long period of time.
  • Annual volatility: Basically indicates how much, in percentage points, the investment can deviate from its annual return, under most circumstances. An investment with an annual return of 5% and an annual volatility of 10% would indicate returns from approximately -5% to 15% most of the time. A lower volatility is usually preferred to ensure more steady returns over time.
  • Best year: The best performance attained over its lifetime in a given year.
  • Worst year: The worst performance undergone over its lifetime in a given year.
  • Max drawdown: The largest percentage drop from a peak to a trough of an asset or portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period.
  • Sharpe Ratio: The Sharpe ratio measures the performance of an investment compared to a risk-free asset, after adjusting for its risk. A Sharpe Ratio above 1 is considered good.
  • Sortino Ratio: The Sortino Ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that only penalizes the investment for negative volatility/outcomes, and not for positive volatility. A Sortino Ratio above 1 is considered good.
  • Adjusted Sortino Ratio: Sortino Ratio/√2. To allow for comparing the Sortino ratio to the Sharpe ratio, we multiply the risk measure of the Sortino ratio by the square root of 2 (which is the same as dividing the Sortino ratio by the square root of 2).
  • Ulcer Index: The Ulcer Index (UI) is a technical indicator that measures downside risk in terms of both the depth and duration of price declines.
  • Gain to Pain Ratio: The sum of all returns divided by the absolute value of the sum of all negative returns. In essence, the GPR shows the ratio of net returns to the losses incurred in getting those returns.

Annualized Returns

Annual Return 1y Annual Return 3y Annual Return 5y Annual Return 10y Annual Return 20y Annual Return
Royal Bank of Canada 38.81 10.72 13.68 10.39 12.35 15.35

Annual Returns

Year Royal Bank of Canada
1995 -1.08%
1996 55.91%
1997 56.84%
1998 -2.42%
1999 -8.16%
2000 60.92%
2001 0.52%
2002 18.02%
2003 35.19%
2004 16.91%
2005 51.41%
2006 26.01%
2007 10.65%
2008 -39.34%
2009 89.15%
2010 1.34%
2011 1.17%
2012 23.32%
2013 15.98%
2014 6.64%
2015 -19.25%
2016 31.83%
2017 23.92%
2018 -12.88%
2019 19%
2020 8.42%
2021 34.11%
2022 -8%
2023 12.2%
2024 26.76%

Royal Bank of Canada had 23 positive years and 7 negative years. That's a positive ratio of 77%.

Monthly Returns

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YTD
1995 - - - - - - - - - -3.2% 2.2% 0% -1.1%
1996 4.9% -4.7% 2.2% 1.6% 0.5% 0.5% 2.4% 3.1% 13.4% 17% 12.5% -5.7% 55.9%
1997 7.1% 8.8% -3.4% 3.3% 9.4% 4% 6.8% -2.2% 4.7% 10% -0.4% -0.9% 56.8%
1998 -0.6% 11.8% 1.2% 1.9% 2.4% -1.4% -9.3% -30.7% 7.1% 15.4% 7.7% 0.9% -2.4%
1999 4.1% -5.9% -2.7% 5.1% -7% -2.9% -0.9% -1.2% -3.2% 5% 4.3% -2.1% -8.2%
2000 -4.8% 2.9% 12.8% -1.1% 11.6% -1.4% 4.9% 9.1% 1.7% 7.5% -5.5% 13.4% 60.9%
2001 -4.2% -4.9% -1.6% -4% 11.4% 0.3% 5.5% -3.4% -4.9% -2.1% 6% 4.2% 0.5%
2002 -2.2% 0.7% 5.3% 6% 9.5% -9.2% -2.6% 7.3% -7.9% 7.7% 6.9% -2.6% 18%
2003 0.4% 7.7% -1.6% 9.1% 2.9% -0.9% -0.3% 2.5% 2% 10.8% -0.6% -0.4% 35.2%
2004 0.6% 0.1% 0.3% -5.9% -2.4% 2.3% 5.7% -2.2% 4.4% 11.2% 1.2% 1.5% 16.9%
2005 -4% 15.5% 3.8% -1.3% 0.7% 3.3% 3.2% 7.6% 7.2% -2.4% 8.2% 1.9% 51.4%
2006 1% 6.7% 1.1% 2.5% -4.1% -1% 1% 9% 0.1% 0.7% 5.2% 2.1% 26%
2007 -2.2% 0.3% 7.5% 5.1% 4.8% -2.8% -3.1% 0.8% 7.9% 7.6% -9.8% -4.3% 10.7%
2008 -0.2% -0.6% -7.2% 3.9% 7.1% -12.8% 4.3% -0.9% 5.1% -18.5% -16% -8.9% -39.3%
2009 -15.8% -1.3% 19.2% 23.7% 13.8% 1.6% 17.4% 8.4% 4.1% -5.1% 7.5% -1.2% 89.2%
2010 -7.5% 10.2% 8% 4.6% -13% -9.2% 10.5% -8.5% 9% 3.3% 0.4% -2.3% 1.3%
2011 3.5% 9.1% 5.8% 2.4% -7% -2.7% -4.8% -4.9% -10.5% 8.2% -6% 10.8% 1.2%
2012 3.8% 7.4% 3.3% 0.6% -13.9% 3% 0.9% 9.5% 2.5% 0.4% 3.2% 2.4% 23.3%
2013 4.4% -0.4% -2.9% 1.2% -1.6% -1.9% 7.9% -0.9% 4% 5.6% -1% 1.1% 16%
2014 -7.1% 5.1% 1.5% 2.2% 3% 3.8% 4.3% 0.6% -3.8% 0.6% 2.8% -5.6% 6.6%
2015 -17.3% 10.7% -3.6% 11.2% -4.3% -3.9% -3.6% -4.8% -0.6% 4% 0% -5.8% -19.3%
2016 -3.2% -0.5% 12.9% 9% -3.1% -1.9% 4.2% 1.9% -0.3% 1.8% 3.8% 4.5% 31.8%
2017 7.1% 1.1% 0.3% -5.2% 0.9% 5% 3.8% -0.7% 4.4% 1% 0.2% 4.3% 23.9%
2018 5.8% -7.9% -2% -0.7% -0.6% -0.4% 4.5% 2% 0.8% -8.3% 0.6% -6.5% -12.9%
2019 11.2% 2.6% -3.4% 6.5% -5.7% 5.7% 0.4% -5.3% 8.6% 0.4% 1.4% -3.1% 19%
2020 0.7% -5.7% -17.4% 1.4% 5.3% 4.6% 3.1% 10.2% -7.9% 0.9% 17.1% 0.1% 8.4%
2021 -0.5% 5.2% 8.4% 4.4% 9% -2.6% 0.7% 1.6% -3.2% 5.4% -4.8% 7.2% 34.1%
2022 8.4% -3.2% -0.1% -7.6% 3.4% -7.3% 1.8% -4.6% -3.2% 3.8% 7.9% -5.8% -8%
2023 10% -0.9% -5.8% 4.9% -9.9% 6.7% 4.9% -9.1% -3% -7.5% 13.2% 11.9% 12.2%
2024 -3.5% -0.5% 3.9% -3% 12.9% -2.6% 6% 8.1% 3.3% -2.3% 4% -0.8% 26.8%
Pos 51.7% 58.6% 58.6% 72.4% 58.6% 41.4% 75.9% 51.7% 62.1% 73.3% 73.3% 48.3% 76.7%
Avg -0% 2.4% 1.6% 2.8% 1.2% -0.8% 2.7% 0.1% 1.4% 2.6% 2.4% 0.4% 17.8%

Other Return Metrics

Metric Royal Bank of Canada
Cumulative Return 6345.08%
Enh Ann Return 17.33%
Best Year 89.15%
Worst Year -39.34%
Best Month 23.7%
Worst Month -30.73%
Best Day 16.34%
Worst Day -15.1%
Win Ratio (Yearly) 76.67%
Win Ratio (Quarterly) 70.09%
Win Ratio (Monthly) 60.68%
Win Ratio (Daily) 52.94%

Annual Volatility

Annual Volatility 1y Annual Volatility 3y Annual Volatility 5y Annual Volatility 10y Annual Volatility 20y Annual Volatility
Royal Bank of Canada 15.73 18.84 23.82 20.49 24.47 24.34

Sharpe Ratio

Sharpe Ratio 1y Sharpe Ratio 3y Sharpe Ratio 5y Sharpe Ratio 10y Sharpe Ratio 20y Sharpe Ratio
Royal Bank of Canada 2.16 0.64 0.66 0.59 0.6 0.71

3-Year Rolling Sharpe Ratio

The rolling Sharpe Ratio gives a clue about the continued consistency or stability of the risk-adjusted returns.

Drawdown Periods

Simply said, a drawdown is the "pain" period experienced by an investor between a peak (new highs) and subsequent valley (a low point before moving higher). In the table below are the fifth largest drawdowns encountered for the portfolio/asset in question.

Royal Bank of Canada

Start Valley End Days Drawdown
2007-11-01 2009-02-23 2009-10-19 718 -63.05%
1998-04-15 1998-08-31 2000-08-14 852 -39.99%
2020-02-24 2020-03-23 2020-11-20 270 -39.95%
2014-09-19 2016-01-20 2016-12-13 816 -37.34%
2011-05-02 2011-11-25 2012-12-05 583 -32.78%

The Royal Bank of Canada took approximately 22 months on average to recover from a major drawdown. The longest drawdown lasted 29 months.

Underwater plot

The underwater plot shows you the drawdown periods on a chart. Whereas the performance chart usually gives you a positive viewpoint, the underwater plot gives you a pessimistic viewpoint. It helps you to visualize downtrends that occurred and how long it took for the portfolio's value to rebound to hit a new high after suffering a loss.

Other Risk Metrics

Metric Royal Bank of Canada
Sharpe Ratio 0.71
Sortino Ratio 1.04
Adjusted Sortino (S/√2) 0.74
Calmar Ratio 0.24
Omega Ratio 1.14
Gain to Pain Ratio 0.14
Ulcer Index 0.14
Kelly Criterion 6.58%
Skew 0.24
Kurtosis 11.12
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